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باریوم تیتانات
Sauer and Flaschen1 presented the first report on the existence of a positive temperature coefficient region in the resistance-temperature characteristics of barium titanate containing small quantities of lanthanum.
In 1959, Saburi3 investigated the addition of a wide range of additives to barium titanate and found a PTC resistance region centred around 120CC with a reduction in the resistivity at room temperature for the additives La, Ce, Nd, Pr, Sm, Ta, Nb, Bi and Sb.
V, W and Zn did not reduce the resistivity of the barium titanate at 25°C nor did they produce the PTC region.
It was concluded that barium titanate became semiconducting through the introduction of Ti3+ ions caused by interaction of the Ti4+ ions with the additive element.
The material basis for all of the PTC switching thermistors is the compound barium titanate.
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